New techniques for genetic crop improvement position. Methods of plant breeding by hayes, herbert kendall. Plant introduction is applicable to all three groups of crop plants, viz. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base. Crop plants are attacked by various diseases and insects, resulting in considerable yield losses. Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentation.
In modern agriculture, only about 150 plant species are extensively cultivated. Application of biotechnology as a breeding tool in crop. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops authorstream presentation. From the beginning of plant breeding for crop improvement in last the century conventional plant. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods. Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance. Handout 4 1 plant breeding methods of vegetatively propagated crops prepared by roksana aftab ruhi department of agriculture. Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Holley center for agriculture and health, and department of plant breeding. Introduction that can be used for commercial cultivation as.
Plant breeding pdf download important agri learner. The plant breeding methods have undergone multiple amendments since it was started from 9000 1 years ago. The term mutation breeding was first coined by freisleben and lein in 1944 to refer to the deliberate induction and development of mutant lines for crop improvement. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding. Molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st. Introduction plant breeding is an art or science as old as agriculture.
Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. New plant breeding technologies for food security science. It is always a challenge both in field and horticultural crops. By 2050, the global population is expected to increase from seven billion people to 9. Plant breeders must be equipped with the tools to respond quickly to new demands by developing accelerated breeding techniques and the ability to screen for traits of interest rapidly among progeny. Therefore efforts are underway to develop highthroughput phenotyping methods in plants to keep pace with revolutionary advancement in genotyping techniques to enhance the efficiency of crop improvement. Quality improvement of crop plants is a significant component in nutritional and food security. Plant tissue culture comprises a set of in vitro techniques, methods and strategies that are part of the group of technologies called plant biotechnology. Plant breeders who want to better understand how to apply mutation breeding to their crops. Plant breeding is an art or science and is as old as agriculture, started since man learnt to cultivate the plants.
Wheat hybrids were bred to increase the crop production of italy during the. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. Crop improvement through tissue culture springerlink. Breeding methods in crop plants plant breeding botany. It is also called as german method or german method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in germany for improving. Publication date 1942 topics technology, agriculture and related sciences and techniques.
Several conventional as well as modern breeding methods. Breeding methods in self pollinated crops authorstream. Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the early 20th century. Plant breeders must have access to genetic variation in crop species. Many of these are reaching the limits of their improvement by traditional methods. There are, however, serious concerns that the forecasted increase in demand for plantbased products by up to 70% within the next three to four. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Plant tissue culture technology is playing an increasingly important role in basic and applied studies, including crop improvement. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.
We anticipate that crisprcas technologies, in combination with modern breeding methods, will play an important role in future crop improvement programs, but other technologies for. Population genetics of genomicsbased crop improvement. Several conventional as well as modern breeding methods are practised to triumph over the challenge. Application of biotechnology as a breeding tool in crop improvement for drought tolerances. Though the methods of molecular plant breeding continue to evolve and are a topic of. Population improvement strategies for crop improvement. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. Learn more about the uses and methods of plant breeding. Plant breeding methods of vegetatively propagated crops. Crop improvement or plant breeding is an applied branch of botany that deals with the improvement of crops and production of new crop.
D singh download as pdf plant breeding principles and methods by b d singh hey guys,its been a long wait to get this very popular book in a digitized format pdf. Population genetics of genomicsbased crop improvement methods martha t. In mass selection, seeds are collected from usually a few dozen to a few hundred desirable appearing individuals in a. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques.
Plant breeding methods of vegetatively propagated crops 1. Editors choice series on the next generation of biotech crops molecular plant breeding as the foundation for 21st century crop improvement1. To feed everyone, farmers will by then have to produce 50% more. Application of diallel analyses in crop improvement.
Resistant varieties are developed through the use of resistant donor parents available in the gene pool. Mutation breeding the genetic improvement of crop plants for various economic traits through the use of induced mutations is referred to as mutation breeding. Buckler1,2 and jeanluc jannink2 1institute for genomic diversity, biotechnology building, cornell university, ithaca, ny 14853, usa 2united states department of agriculture agricultural research service usda ars r. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The following points highlight the six methods of crop improvement. Plant breeding can be defined as an art and science and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Iglesias2 1clifton, honey lane, otham, maidstone, kent me15 8jr, uk formerly of eafro and iita. Crop improvement the process of bringing wild species under human management is called as domestication. Intrapopulation improvement may involve evaluation of individuals mass selection or of progenies fullsibs, halfsibs or selfed progeny selection that have been developed. It is an oldest and rapid method of crop improvement. Crop improvement, diallel crosses, diallel analyses.
In mass selection, seeds are collected from usually a few dozen to a few hundred desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seed. Wildlife exploitation, field crops and their production publisher mcgraw hill book company, inc. Crop improvement by conventional breeding or genetic. All genetic crop improvement methods rely on introducing genetic changes. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Tissue culture has been exploited to create genetic variability from which crop plants can be improved, to improve the state of health of the planted material and to increase the number of desirable germplasms available to the plant.
It is also called as german method or german method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in germany for improving the sugar beets and small grains such as rye and wheat. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop plants particularly those of crosspollinated species. Plant breeders must be equipped with the tools to respond quickly to new demands by developing accelerated breeding techniques and. Crop improvement or plant breeding is an applied branch of botany that deals with the improvement of crops and production of new crop varieties which are far superior to existing types in all characters. However, without quality phenotyping data the genotyping data cannot be effectively put to use in plant improvement. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding definition.
Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of selfpollinated species in which superior genotypes are selected from. The modern method of plant breeding is carried out in the following steps. Plant breeding is an applied branch of botany, which deals with improvement of cultivated crops. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. It then discusses the structure and functioning of shoot apices and their behavior after irradiation. This biofortification of food crops, a term which also includes genetic modification, has been shown to improve nutrition and is especially useful in developing. The utilization of induced mutations in crop improvement is called mutation breeding. Genetic resistance is the cheapest and the best method of minimizing such losses. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. Genomic selection gs facilitates the rapid selection of superior genotypes and accelerates the breeding cycle. Biotechnology applications for plant breeding and genetics. Selffertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant.